J02:0010a	-	YBL	<bmajhd>	-	[Oh.
J02:0010b	-	NN1c	ABSTRACT	abstract	.
J02:0010c	-	YBR	<emajhd>	-	.Oh]
J02:0010d	-	NN2	Experiments	experiment	[O[S[Np:S.Np:S]
J02:0010e	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:0010f	-	VVNv	made	make	.Vwp]
J02:0010g	-	II	on	on	[P:u.
J02:0010h	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns.
J02:0010i	-	JJ	electric	electric	.
J02:0010j	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]P:u]
J02:0010k	-	VVGv	applying	apply	[Tg:h[Vg.Vg]
J02:0010m	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:o101.
J02:0010n	-	JJ	porous	porous	.
J02:0020a	-	NN1u	graphite	graphite	.
J02:0020b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0020c	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S101.S101]
J02:0020d	-	VVNv	cooled	cool	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0020e	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0020f	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0020g	-	VVGv	transpiring	transpire	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0020h	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.
J02:0020i	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0020j	-	NN1u	+Argon	argon	.
J02:0020k	-	YPR	+)	-	.Ns]Pb:a]Tn]Ns:o101]Tg:h]S]
J02:0020m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0020n	-	RR	Thus	thus	[S[R:h.R:h]
J02:0020p	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0020q	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S103.
J02:0030a	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0030b	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S103.S103]
J02:0030c	-	VVNv	transferred	transfer	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0030d	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:0030e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0030f	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]P:q]
J02:0030g	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0030h	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0030i	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]Tn]Ns:S103]
J02:0030j	-	YG	-	-	[h105.h105]
J02:0030k	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0030m	-	RR	partly	partly	[R:G105.R:G105]
J02:0030n	-	VVNv	fed	feed	.Vsp]
J02:0030p	-	RL	back	back	[R:q.R:q]
J02:0030q	-	II	into	into	[P:q.
J02:0040a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0040b	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]P:q]S]
J02:0040c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0040d	-	PPH1	It	it	[S[Ni:S.Ni:S]
J02:0040e	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0040f	-	VVNv	shown	show	.Vsp]
J02:0040g	-	CST	that	that	[Fn:o.
J02:0040h	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:0040i	-	JJ	proper	proper	[Ns.
J02:0040j	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0040k	-	NN1n	design	design	.Ns]Pb:h]
J02:0040m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:0040n	-	NN1n	net	net	.
J02:0040p	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0040q	-	NN1n	loss	loss	.
J02:0050a	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0050b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0050c	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]Po]
J02:0050d	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0050e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0050f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns:S]
J02:0050g	-	VMd	could	can	[Vdcp.
J02:0050h	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:0050i	-	VVNv	reduced	reduce	.Vdcp]
J02:0050j	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0050k	-	RR	approximately	approximately	[Nu.
J02:0050m	-	MCn	15	-	.
J02:0050n	-	NNUp	+%	-	.
J02:0050p	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0050q	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0060a	-	JJ	total	total	.
J02:0060b	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0060c	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.Ns]Po]Nu]P:q]Fn:o]S]
J02:0060d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0060e	-	AT1	A	a	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0060f	-	VVNt	detailed	detail	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0060g	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0060h	-	NN1n	balance	balance	.
J02:0060i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0060j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0060k	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:0060m	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0060n	-	VVNt	established	establish	.Vsp]S]
J02:0060p	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0080a	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0080b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0080c	-	NN1n	ablation	ablation	.Ns:S]
J02:0080d	-	VMd	could	can	[Vdcp.
J02:0080e	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:0080f	-	VVNv	reduced	reduce	.Vdcp]
J02:0080g	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0080h	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0080i	-	JJ	negligible	negligible	.
J02:0080j	-	NN1c	amount	amount	.Ns]P:q]S]
J02:0080k	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0080m	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0080n	-	NN1u	dependence	dependence	.
J02:0090a	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0090b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0090c	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0090d	-	NN1n	voltage	voltage	.Ns]Po]
J02:0090e	-	II	upon	upon	[P.
J02:0090f	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0090g	-	NN1n	mass	mass	[Ns.
J02:0090h	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.Ns]
J02:0090i	-	NN1n	velocity	velocity	.
J02:0090j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0090k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0090m	-	VVGv	transpirating	transpirate	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0100a	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.Ns]Po]Ns]P]Ns:S]
J02:0100b	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0100c	-	VVNt	investigated	investigate	.Vsp]
J02:0100d	-	IF	for	for	[P:r.
J02:0100e	-	JJ	various	various	[Np.
J02:0100f	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0100g	-	NN2	lengths	length	.
J02:0100h	-	CC	and	and	[Np+.
J02:0100i	-	NN2	currents	current	.
J02:0100j	-	II	between	between	[P.
J02:0110a	-	MCn	100	-	[Nu.
J02:0110b	S	NNU	Amp	-	.
J02:0110c	-	CC	and	and	[Nu+.
J02:0110d	-	MCn	200	-	.
J02:0110e	S	NNU	Amp	-	.Nu+]Nu]P]Np+]Np]P:r]S]
J02:0110f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0110g	-	JJ	Qualitative	qualitative	[S[Np:S.
J02:0110h	-	NN2	observations	observation	.Np:S]
J02:0110i	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:0110j	-	VVNv	made	make	.Vwp]
J02:0110k	-	CC	and	and	[S+.
J02:0120a	-	JJ	high	high	[Np:S[Ns.
J02:0120b	-	YH	+<hyphen>	-	.
J02:0120c	-	NN1n	+speed	speed	.Ns]
J02:0120d	-	NN1n	motion	motion	.
J02:0120e	-	NN2	pictures	picture	.Np:S]
J02:0120f	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:0120g	-	VVNv	taken	take	.Vwp]S+]
J02:0120h	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0120i	-	VV0v	study	study	.Vi]
J02:0120j	-	NN1c	flow	flow	[Np:o.
J02:0120k	-	NN2	phenomena	phenomenon	.Np:o]
J02:0120m	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:0120n	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0130a	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]P:p]
J02:0130b	-	II	at	at	[P:r.
J02:0130c	-	JJ	various	various	[Np.
J02:0130d	-	NN1n	mass	mass	[Ns.
J02:0130e	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.Ns]
J02:0130f	-	NN2	velocities	velocity	.Np]P:r]Ti:c]S]
J02:0130g	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:0130h	-	YBL	<bmajhd>	-	[Oh.
J02:0130i	-	NN1n	INTRODUCTION	introduction	.
J02:0130j	-	YBR	<emajhd>	-	.Oh]
J02:0130k	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Np:s107.
J02:0130m	-	JJ	high	high	.
J02:0130n	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:0140a	-	NN2	fluxes	flux	.
J02:0140b	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s107.s107]
J02:0140c	-	VVGi	existing	exist	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0140d	-	II	at	at	[P:p.
J02:0140e	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0140f	-	NN1c	electrode	electrode	.
J02:0140g	-	NN2	surfaces	surface	.
J02:0140h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0140i	-	JJ	electric	electric	[Np.
J02:0140j	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]Po]Np]P:p]Tg]Np:s107]
J02:0140k	-	VV0t	necessitate	necessitate	[V.V]
J02:0150a	-	JJ	extensive	extensive	[Ns:o.
J02:0150b	-	VVGv	cooling	cool	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]Ns:o]
J02:0150c	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0150d	-	VV0t	prevent	prevent	.Vi]
J02:0150e	-	NN1c	electrode	electrode	[Ns:o.
J02:0150f	-	NN1n	ablation	ablation	.Ns:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:0150g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0150h	-	AT	The	the	[S[Np:s.
J02:0150i	-	VVGv	cooling	cool	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0150j	-	NN2	requirements	requirement	.Np:s]
J02:0160a	-	VBR	are	be	[Vab.Vab]
J02:0160b	-	RR	particularly	particularly	[J:e.
J02:0160c	-	JJ	severe	severe	.J:e]
J02:0160d	-	II	at	at	[P:p.
J02:0160e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0160f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:p]S]
J02:0160g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0160h	-	II	In	in	[S[P:p.
J02:0160i	-	JJ	free	free	[Np[J.
J02:0160j	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0160k	-	JJ	electric	electric	.
J02:0170a	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]P:p]
J02:0170b	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0170c	-	REX21	for	for	[R:m[REX=.
J02:0170d	-	REX22	instance	instance	.REX=]R:m]
J02:0170e	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0170f	-	RR	approximately	approximately	[Nu:S.
J02:0170g	-	MCn	90	-	.
J02:0170h	-	NNUp	+%	-	.
J02:0170i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0170j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0170k	-	JJ	total	total	.
J02:0170m	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0170n	-	NN1n	power	power	.Ns]Po]Nu:S]
J02:0170p	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzp.
J02:0170q	-	VVNv	transferred	transfer	.Vzp]
J02:0180a	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0180b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0180c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]
J02:0180d	-	VVGv	giving	give	[Tg:c[Vg.Vg]
J02:0180e	-	NNL1c	rise	rise	[Ns:o.Ns:o]
J02:0180f	-	IIt	to	to	[P:u.
J02:0180g	-	JJ	local	local	[Np.
J02:0180h	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:0180i	-	NN2	fluxes	flux	.
J02:0180j	-	II31	in	in	[P[II=.
J02:0180k	-	II32	excess	excess	.
J02:0180m	-	II33	of	of	.II=]
J02:0190a	-	FO	<formul>	-	.P]
J02:0190b	-	CSA	as	as	[A.
J02:0190c	-	VVNv	measured	measure	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0190d	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0190e	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0190f	-	NN2	authors	author	.Np]Pb:a]A]Np]P:u]
J02:0190g	-	YD	<mdash>	-	.
J02:0190h	-	AT	the	the	[Tg:b[Ns:s.
J02:0190i	-	JJ	exact	exact	.
J02:0190j	-	NN1n	value	value	.Ns:s]
J02:0190k	-	VVGi	depending	depend	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0190m	-	II	on	on	[P:u.
J02:0190n	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0190p	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0200a	-	NN1n	atmosphere	atmosphere	.Ns]P:u]Tg:b]Tg:c]S]
J02:0200b	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0200c	-	II	In	in	[S[P:p.
J02:0200d	-	NN1u	plasma	plasma	[Np.
J02:0200e	-	NN2	generators	generator	.
J02:0200f	-	CSA	as	as	[A.
J02:0200g	-	RR	currently	currently	[R:t.R:t]
J02:0200h	-	RR	commercially	commercially	[Jh:e.
J02:0200i	-	JJ	available	available	.
J02:0210a	-	IF	for	for	[P.
J02:0210b	-	JJ	industrial	industrial	[Ns.
J02:0210c	-	NN1n	use	use	.Ns]
J02:0210d	-	CCr	or	or	[P+.
J02:0210e	-	IIa	as	as	.
J02:0210f	-	JJ	high	high	[Np[Ns[Ns.
J02:0210g	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.Ns]
J02:0210h	-	NN1u	research	research	.Ns]
J02:0210i	-	NN2	tools	tool	.Np]P+]P]Jh:e]A]Np]P:p]
J02:0210j	-	RR	often	often	[R:t.R:t]
J02:0210k	-	DAR	more	more	[D:S.
J02:0210m	-	CSN	than	than	[P.
J02:0220a	-	MCn	50	-	[Nu.
J02:0220b	-	NNUp	+%	-	.
J02:0220c	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0220d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0220e	-	JJ	total	total	.
J02:0220f	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0220g	-	NN1n	input	input	.Ns]Po]Nu]P]D:S]
J02:0220h	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzup.
J02:0220i	-	VBG	being	be	.
J02:0220j	-	VVNv	transferred	transfer	.Vzup]
J02:0220k	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0220m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0220n	-	VVGv	cooling	cool	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0230a	-	NN1c	medium	medium	.
J02:0230b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0230c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0230d	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:q]S]
J02:0230e	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:0230f	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:0230g	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Np:S109.
J02:0230h	-	JJR	higher	high	.
J02:0230i	-	NN1n	heat	heat	[Ns.
J02:0230j	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.Ns]
J02:0230k	-	NN2	rates	rate	.
J02:0230m	-	II	at	at	[P.
J02:0230n	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0230p	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]
J02:0230q	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S109.S109]
J02:0240a	-	VVNv	compared	compare	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0240b	-	IW	with	with	[P:u.
J02:0240c	-	DD2a	those	those	[Dp.
J02:0240d	-	II	at	at	[P.
J02:0240e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0240f	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.Ns]P]Dp]P:u]Tn]Np:S109]
J02:0240g	-	VMo	can	can	[Vcp.
J02:0240h	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:0240i	-	VVNt	explained	explain	.Vcp]
J02:0240j	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0240k	-	AT	the	the	[Np:111.
J02:0240m	-	JJ	physical	physical	.
J02:0250a	-	NN2	phenomena	phenomenon	.
J02:0250b	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s111.s111]
J02:0250c	-	VVGi	occurring	occur	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0250d	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:0250e	-	JJ	free	free	[Np[J.
J02:0250f	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0250g	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]P:p]Tg]Np:111]Pb:a]S]
J02:0250h	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0250i	-	II	In	in	[S[P:p.
J02:0250j	-	NN1u	plasma	plasma	[Np.
J02:0250k	-	NN2	generators	generator	.Np]P:p]
J02:0250m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:s.
J02:0260a	-	VVNt	superimposed	superimpose	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0260b	-	VVNt	forced	force	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0260c	-	NN1u	convection	convection	.Ns:s]
J02:0260d	-	VMo	may	may	[Vc.
J02:0260e	-	VV0t	modify	modify	.Vc]
J02:0260f	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0260g	-	NN1c	picture	picture	.Ns:o]
J02:0260h	-	RR	somewhat	somewhat	[R:h.R:h]S]
J02:0260i	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0260j	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0260k	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:0270a	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.
J02:0270b	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0270c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0270d	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns:s]
J02:0270e	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:0270f	-	JJ	due	due	[Jh:e.
J02:0270g	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0270h	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0270i	-	JJ	following	following	.
J02:0270j	-	NN2	effects	effect	.Np]P]Jh:e]
J02:0270k	-	YN	+:	-	.
J02:0270m	-	MCb	1.	-	[N@[Iu.Iu]
J02:0270n	-	NN1n	Heat	heat	.
J02:0280a	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0280b	-	NN1n	condensation	condensation	.Po]
J02:0280c	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0280d	-	NN1n	+work	work	[Ns@.
J02:0280e	-	NN1c	function	function	.Ns@]
J02:0280f	-	YPR	+)	-	.
J02:0280g	-	CC	plus	plus	[Ns+.
J02:0280h	-	JJ	kinetic	kinetic	.
J02:0280i	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0280j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0280k	-	AT	the	the	[Np:113.
J02:0280m	-	NN2	electrons	electron	.
J02:0280n	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s113.s113]
J02:0280p	-	VVGi	impinging	impinge	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0290a	-	II	on	on	[P:q.
J02:0290b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0290c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]Tg]Np:113]Po]Ns+]
J02:0290d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0290e	-	DD1i	This	this	[S@[Ns:s.
J02:0290f	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0290g	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.Ns:s]
J02:0290h	-	VVZi	depends	depend	[Vz.Vz]
J02:0290i	-	II	on	on	[P:u.
J02:0290j	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:0290k	-	NN1c	current	current	.
J02:0290m	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0290n	-	AT	the	the	[Ns-.
J02:0300a	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:0300b	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0300c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0300d	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0300e	-	NN1c	column	column	.Ns]P]Ns-]
J02:0300f	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0300g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns-.
J02:0300h	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0300i	-	NN1n	material	material	.Ns-]
J02:0300j	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0300k	-	CC	and	and	[Np+.
J02:0300m	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:0300n	-	NN2	conditions	condition	.
J02:0310a	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0310b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0310c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0310d	-	NN1c	sheath	sheath	.Ns]P]Np+]N]P:u]S@]N@]
J02:0310e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0310f	-	MCb	2.	-	[Ns@[Iu.Iu]
J02:0310g	-	NN1n	Heat	heat	.
J02:0310h	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.
J02:0310i	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb.
J02:0310j	-	JJ	molecular	molecular	[Ns.
J02:0310k	-	NN1u	conduction	conduction	.Ns]
J02:0310m	-	CC31	as	as	[Pb+[CC=.
J02:0310n	-	CC32	well	well	.
J02:0320a	-	CC33	as	as	.CC=]
J02:0320b	-	IIb	by	by	.
J02:0320c	-	NN1n	radiation	radiation	[Ns.
J02:0320d	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:0320e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0320f	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0320g	-	NN1c	column	column	.Ns]P]Ns]Pb+]Pb]Ns@]S]
J02:0320h	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:0320i	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:0320j	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Ns:S.
J02:0320k	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:0320m	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.
J02:0320n	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0330a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0330b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]
J02:0330c	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0330d	-	JJ	free	free	[Np[J.
J02:0330e	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0330f	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]P]Ns:S]
J02:0330g	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzp.
J02:0330h	-	VVNt	enhanced	enhance	.Vzp]
J02:0330i	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0330j	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:115.
J02:0330k	-	JJ	hot	hot	[Ns.
J02:0330m	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.Ns]
J02:0330n	-	NN1n	jet	jet	.
J02:0330p	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s115.s115]
J02:0330q	-	VVGi	flowing	flow	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0330r	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:0350a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0350b	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.Ns]P:q]
J02:0350c	-	II	towards	towards	[P:q.
J02:0350d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0350e	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]
J02:0350f	-	IW	with	with	[W:b.
J02:0350g	-	NN2	velocities	velocity	[Np:s.Np:s]
J02:0350h	E	RGi	up	up	[N:e.
J02:0350i	E	FO	<formul>	-	.N:e]W:b]Tg]Ns:115]Pb:a]S]
J02:0350j	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0350k	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0350m	-	NN1c	phenomenon	phenomenon	.Ns:S]
J02:0350n	-	YG	-	-	[h117.h117]
J02:0360a	-	VHZ	has	have	[Vzfp.
J02:0360b	-	VBN	been	be	.
J02:0360c	-	RR	experimentally	experimentally	[R:G117.R:G117]
J02:0360d	-	VVNt	investigated	investigate	.Vzfp]
J02:0360e	-	II	in	in	[P:h.
J02:0360f	-	NN1n	detail	detail	.P:h]
J02:0360g	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0360h	-	NP1s	Maecker	Maecker	[Nns.Nns]Pb:a]
J02:0360i	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0360j	A	NN1c	+Ref.	-	[Iu[Nns.
J02:0370a	-	MC1n	1	-	.Nns]Iu]
J02:0370b	-	YPR	+)	-	.S]
J02:0370c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0370d	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s119.
J02:0370e	-	NN1n	pressure	pressure	.
J02:0370f	-	NN1c	gradient	gradient	.
J02:0370g	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s119.s119]
J02:0370h	-	VVGv	producing	produce	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0370i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0370j	-	NN1n	jet	jet	.Ns:o]Tg]Ns:s119]
J02:0370k	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:0370m	-	JJ	due	due	[Jh:e.
J02:0370n	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0370p	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0370q	-	NN1n	nature	nature	.
J02:0370r	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0370s	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0380a	-	JJ	magnetic	magnetic	.
J02:0380b	-	NN1c	field	field	.
J02:0380c	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0380d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0380e	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]P]Ns]Po]
J02:0380f	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0380g	-	JJ	+rapid	rapid	[Ns@.
J02:0380h	-	NN1n	decrease	decrease	.
J02:0380i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0380j	-	NN1c	current	current	[Ns.
J02:0380k	-	NN1n	density	density	.Ns]Po]
J02:0380m	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:0380n	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.P]
J02:0390a	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0390b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0390c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns@]
J02:0390d	-	YPR	+)	-	.Ns]P]Jh:e]S]
J02:0390e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0390f	-	RR	Hence	hence	[S[R:c.R:c]
J02:0390g	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0390h	-	AT	the	the	[Np:s.
J02:0390i	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:0390j	-	NN2	conditions	condition	.
J02:0390k	-	II	at	at	[P.
J02:0390m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0390n	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0390p	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0390q	-	JJ	free	free	[Np[J.
J02:0400a	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0400b	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]Po]Ns]P]Np:s]
J02:0400c	-	VV0t	resemble	resemble	[V.V]
J02:0400d	-	DD2a	those	those	[Dp:o.
J02:0400e	-	II	near	near	[P.
J02:0400f	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0400g	-	NN1u	stagnation	stagnation	.
J02:0400h	-	NNL1n	point	point	.Ns]P]Dp:o]S]
J02:0400i	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:0400j	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:0400k	-	PPH1	It	it	[O[S[Ni:S.Ni:S]
J02:0400m	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:0400n	-	JJ	apparent	apparent	[J:e.J:e]
J02:0410a	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:0410b	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:0410c	-	RL	above	above	.N]
J02:0410d	-	CC	and	and	[P+.
J02:0410e	-	II	from	from	.
J02:0410f	-	JJ	experimental	experimental	[Ns.
J02:0410g	-	NN1u	evidence	evidence	.Ns]P+]P:q]
J02:0410h	-	CST	that	that	[Fn:s.
J02:0410i	-	AT	the	the	[Np:s.
J02:0410j	-	VVGv	cooling	cool	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0410k	-	NN2	requirements	requirement	.
J02:0420a	-	IF	for	for	[P.
J02:0420b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0420c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0420d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0420e	-	JJ	free	free	[Np[J.
J02:0420f	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0420g	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]Po]Ns]P]Np:s]
J02:0420h	-	VBR	are	be	[Vab.Vab]
J02:0420i	-	JJ	large	large	[J:e.J:e]
J02:0420j	-	VVNv	compared	compare	[Tn:r[Vn.Vn]
J02:0420k	-	IW	with	with	[P:u.
J02:0440a	-	DD2a	those	those	[Dp.
J02:0440b	-	IF	for	for	[P.
J02:0440c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0440d	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.Ns]P]Dp]P:u]Tn:r]Fn:s]S]
J02:0440e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0440f	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0440g	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.
J02:0440h	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:0440i	-	II	through	through	[P.
J02:0440j	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0440k	-	NN1u	plasma	plasma	.
J02:0440m	-	NN1c	generator	generator	.Ns]P]Ns:s]
J02:0440n	-	VMo	will	will	[Vc.
J02:0440p	-	VV0t	modify	modify	.Vc]
J02:0450a	-	DD2i	these	these	[Np:o.
J02:0450b	-	NN2	conditions	condition	.Np:o]
J02:0450c	-	YS	+;	-	.
J02:0450d	-	RR	however	however	[S-[R:c.R:c]
J02:0450e	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0450f	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:s.
J02:0450g	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns:s]
J02:0450h	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:0450i	-	RR	still	still	[R:t.R:t]
J02:0450j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:e121.
J02:0450k	-	NN1c	part	part	.
J02:0450m	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s121.s121]
J02:0450n	-	VVGv	receiving	receive	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0460a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0460b	-	JJT	largest	large	.
J02:0460c	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:0460d	-	NN1n	flux	flux	.Ns:o]Tg]Ns:e121]S-]S]
J02:0460e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0460f	-	AT1	An	an	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0460g	-	NN1c	attempt	attempt	.
J02:0460h	-	TO	to	to	[Ti[Vi.
J02:0460i	-	VV0v	improve	improve	.Vi]
J02:0460j	-	AT	the	the	[N:o.
J02:0460k	-	NN1n	life	life	.
J02:0460m	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0460n	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0460p	-	NN2	anodes	anode	.Np]Po]
J02:0470a	-	CCr	or	or	[Ns+.
J02:0470b	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:0470c	-	NN1u	efficiency	efficiency	.
J02:0470d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0470e	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0470f	-	NN1u	plasma	plasma	.
J02:0470g	-	NN2	generators	generator	.Np]Po]Ns+]N:o]Ti]Ns:s]
J02:0470h	-	YG	-	-	[c123.c123]
J02:0470i	-	VMo	must	must	[Vc.
J02:0470j	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0470k	-	RR	therefore	therefore	[R:G123.R:G123]
J02:0470m	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0470n	-	VV0v	aim	aim	.Vc]
J02:0470p	-	II	at	at	[P:u.
J02:0480a	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0480b	-	NN1n	reduction	reduction	.
J02:0480c	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0480d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0480e	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0480f	-	NN1n	loss	loss	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:u]S]
J02:0480g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0480h	-	AT	The	the	[S[Np:s.
J02:0480i	-	JJ	following	following	.
J02:0480j	-	NN2	possibilities	possibility	.
J02:0480k	-	YG	-	-	[125.125]Np:s]
J02:0480m	-	VV0i	exist	exist	[V.V]
J02:0480n	-	IF	for	for	[P:G125.
J02:0490a	-	VVGt	achieving	achieve	[Tg[Vg.Vg]
J02:0490b	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ds:o.Ds:o]Tg]P:G125]S]
J02:0490c	-	YN	+:	-	.
J02:0490d	-	MCb	1.	-	.
J02:0490e	-	AT	The	the	[Ns.
J02:0490f	-	NN1n	use	use	.
J02:0490g	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0490h	-	JJ	high	high	[Np.
J02:0490i	-	NN2	voltages	voltage	.
J02:0490j	-	CC	and	and	[Np+.
J02:0490k	-	JJ	low	low	.
J02:0490m	-	NN2	currents	current	.Np+]Np]Po]
J02:0490n	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb.
J02:0490p	-	JJ	proper	proper	[Ns.
J02:0500a	-	NN1n	design	design	.Ns]Pb]
J02:0500b	-	TO	to	to	[Ti[Vi.
J02:0500c	-	VV0v	reduce	reduce	.Vi]
J02:0500d	-	NN1c	electron	electron	[Ns:o[Ns.
J02:0500e	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.Ns]
J02:0500f	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.
J02:0500g	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0500h	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0500i	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns:o]
J02:0500j	-	IF	for	for	[P:r.
J02:0500k	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0500m	-	VVNv	given	give	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0510a	-	NN1n	power	power	.
J02:0510b	-	NN1c	output	output	.Ns]P:r]Ti]Ns]
J02:0510c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0510d	-	MCb	2.	-	.
J02:0510e	-	JJ	Continuous	continuous	[Ns.
J02:0510f	-	NN1n	motion	motion	.
J02:0510g	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0510h	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0510i	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0510j	-	NN1n	contact	contact	.
J02:0510k	-	NN1n	area	area	.
J02:0510m	-	II	at	at	[P.
J02:0510n	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0510p	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns]Po]
J02:0530a	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb.
J02:0530b	-	NN1c	flow	flow	[N.
J02:0530c	-	CCr	or	or	[Np+.
J02:0530d	-	JJ	magnetic	magnetic	.
J02:0530e	-	NN2	forces	force	.Np+]N]Pb]Ns]
J02:0530f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0530g	-	MCb	3.	-	.
J02:0530h	-	VV0v	Feed	feed	[Ns.
J02:0530i	-	RL	back	back	.
J02:0530j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0530k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:127.
J02:0530m	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0530n	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S127.S127]
J02:0530p	-	VVNv	transferred	transfer	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0540a	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0540b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0540c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]Tn]Ns:127]Po]
J02:0540d	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb.
J02:0540e	-	VVGv	applying	apply	[Tg[Vg.Vg]
J02:0540f	-	NN1n	gas	gas	[Ns:o.
J02:0540g	-	NN1u	transpiration	transpiration	.Ns:o]
J02:0540h	-	II	through	through	[P:q.
J02:0540i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0540j	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]Tg]Pb]Ns]
J02:0540k	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0550a	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0550b	-	MD	third	third	.
J02:0550c	-	NN1n	method	method	.Ns:S]
J02:0550d	-	YG	-	-	[m129.m129]
J02:0550e	-	YG	-	-	[h131.h131]
J02:0550f	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0550g	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0550h	-	IIt	to	to	[P:G129.
J02:0550i	-	APPGi2	our	our	[Ns.
J02:0550j	-	NN1u	knowledge	knowledge	.Ns]P:G129]
J02:0550k	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0550m	-	RR	successfully	successfully	[R:G131.R:G131]
J02:0550n	-	VVNv	applied	apply	.Vsp]
J02:0550p	-	IF	for	for	[P:t.
J02:0550q	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0560a	-	MDo	first	first	.
J02:0560b	-	NNT1c	time	time	.Ns]P:t]
J02:0560c	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0560d	A	NP1i	C.	-	[Nn.
J02:0560e	-	NP1s	Sheer	Sheer	.
J02:0560f	-	CC	and	and	[Np+.
J02:0560g	-	FB	co	co<hyphen>	.
J02:0560h	-	YH	+<hyphen>	-	.
J02:0560i	-	NN2	+workers	worker	.Np+]Nn]Pb:a]
J02:0560j	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0560k	A	NN1c	+Ref.	-	[Iu[Nns.
J02:0560m	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]Iu]
J02:0560n	-	YPR	+)	-	.S]
J02:0560p	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0560q	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0560r	-	NN1n	purpose	purpose	.
J02:0560s	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0570a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0570b	-	JJ	present	present	.
J02:0570c	-	NN1n	study	study	.Ns]Po]Ns:s]
J02:0570d	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:0570e	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:e[Ti&[Vi.
J02:0570f	-	VV0v	study	study	.Vi]
J02:0570g	-	AT	the	the	[Np:o.
J02:0570h	-	JJ	thermal	thermal	.
J02:0570i	-	NN2	conditions	condition	.
J02:0570j	-	CC	and	and	[Ti+.
J02:0570k	-	TO	to	to	[Vi.
J02:0570m	-	VV0t	establish	establish	.Vi]
J02:0580a	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns:o.
J02:0580b	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0580c	-	NN1n	balance	balance	.Ns:o]Ti+]
J02:0580d	-	IF	for	for	[P.
J02:0580e	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0580f	-	NN1u	transpiration	transpiration	[Tn[Ns:a.Ns:a]
J02:0580g	-	VVNv	cooled	cool	[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0580h	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Np:o]Ti&]
J02:0580i	-	CC31	as	as	[Ns+[CC=.
J02:0580j	-	CC32	well	well	.
J02:0580k	-	CC33	as	as	.CC=]
J02:0580m	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:0580n	-	NN1n	effect	effect	.
J02:0590a	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0590b	-	VVGv	blowing	blow	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]Po]
J02:0590c	-	II	on	on	[P.
J02:0590d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0590e	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0590f	-	NN1n	voltage	voltage	.Ns]P]Ns+]Ti:e]S]
J02:0590g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0590h	-	NN1n	Gas	gas	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0590i	-	NN1n	injection	injection	.
J02:0590j	-	II	through	through	[P.
J02:0590k	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0590m	-	JJ	porous	porous	.
J02:0590n	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]
J02:0600a	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0600b	-	NN1u	+transpiration	transpiration	[Tg@[Ns:a.Ns:a]
J02:0600c	-	VVGv	cooling	cool	[Vg.Vg]Tg@]
J02:0600d	-	YPR	+)	-	.Ns:s]
J02:0600e	-	LE21	not	not	[LE=.
J02:0600f	-	LE22	only	only	.LE=]
J02:0600g	-	VVZv	feeds	feed	[Vz.Vz]
J02:0600h	-	RL	back	back	[R:q.R:q]
J02:0600i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o133.
J02:0600j	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:0600k	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S133.S133]
J02:0600m	-	VVNv	transferred	transfer	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0610a	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0610b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0610c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]
J02:0610d	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0610e	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0610f	-	RL	above	above	[Tn[R:p.R:p]
J02:0610g	-	VVNt	mentioned	mention	[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0610h	-	NN2	processes	process	.Np]Pb:a]Tn]Ns:o133]
J02:0610i	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0610j	-	CCB	but	but	[S+.
J02:0610k	-	RR	also	also	[R:m.R:m]
J02:0610m	-	VVZt	modifies	modify	[Vz.Vz]
J02:0610n	-	AT	the	the	[Np:o.
J02:0610p	-	NN2	conditions	condition	.
J02:0620a	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0620b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0620c	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:0620d	-	PPX1h	itself	itself	.Ns]P]Np:o]S+]S]
J02:0620e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0620f	-	AT1	A	a	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0620g	-	VVNt	detailed	detail	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0620h	-	NN1n	study	study	.
J02:0620i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0620j	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ns.
J02:0620k	-	DAr	latter	latter	.
J02:0620m	-	NN1c	phenomenon	phenomenon	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:0630a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsep.
J02:0630b	-	XX	not	not	.
J02:0630c	-	VVNt	attempted	attempt	.Vsep]
J02:0630d	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:0630e	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ns.
J02:0630f	-	NN1n	paper	paper	.Ns]P:p]S]
J02:0630g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0630h	-	NN1u	Argon	argon	[S[Ns:S.Ns:S]
J02:0630i	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0630j	-	VVNt	used	use	.Vsp]
J02:0630k	-	IIa	as	as	[P:e.
J02:0630m	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0630n	-	VVGv	blowing	blow	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0630p	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.Ns]P:e]
J02:0630q	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0640a	-	VV0t	exclude	exclude	.Vi]
J02:0640b	-	DDy	any	any	[Np:o.
J02:0640c	-	NN2	effects	effect	.
J02:0640d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0640e	-	NN1u	dissociation	dissociation	[N.
J02:0640f	-	CCr	or	or	[Ns+.
J02:0640g	-	JJ	chemical	chemical	.
J02:0640h	-	NN1n	reaction	reaction	.Ns+]N]Po]Np:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:0640i	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0640j	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0640k	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0650a	-	NN1n	material	material	.Ns:s]
J02:0650b	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsb.Vsb]
J02:0650c	-	JJ	porous	porous	[Ns:e.
J02:0650d	-	NN1u	graphite	graphite	.Ns:e]S]
J02:0650e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0650f	-	VVNt	Sintered	sinter	[S[Np:s[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0650g	-	JJ	porous	porous	.
J02:0650h	-	NN2	metals	metal	.Np:s]
J02:0650i	-	VMd	should	shall	[Vdcb.
J02:0650j	-	VB0	be	be	.Vdcb]
J02:0650k	-	JJ	usable	usable	[J:e.J:e]
J02:0660a	-	II	in	in	[P:m.
J02:0660b	-	NN1c	principle	principle	.P:m]S]
J02:0660c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0660d	-	RR	However	however	[S[R:c.R:c]
J02:0660e	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0660f	-	JJ	technical	technical	[Np:s.
J02:0660g	-	NN2	difficulties	difficulty	.Np:s]
J02:0660h	-	VV0i	arise	arise	[V.V]
J02:0660i	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:c.
J02:0660j	-	VVGv	melting	melt	[Tg[Vg.Vg]
J02:0660k	-	II	at	at	[P:p.
J02:0660m	-	JJ	local	local	[Np.
J02:0670a	-	JJ	hot	hot	.
J02:0670b	-	NN2	spots	spot	.Np]P:p]Tg]Pb:c]S]
J02:0670c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0670d	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0670e	-	JJ	experimental	experimental	.
J02:0670f	-	NN1n	arrangement	arrangement	.
J02:0670g	-	CSA	as	as	[A.
J02:0670h	-	VVNt	described	describe	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0670i	-	RL	below	below	[R:p.R:p]A]Ns:S]
J02:0670j	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzp.
J02:0670k	-	VVNt	based	base	.Vzp]
J02:0680a	-	II	on	on	[P:u.
J02:0680b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0680c	-	NN1u	geometry	geometry	.
J02:0680d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0680e	-	JJ	free	free	[Np[J.
J02:0680f	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0680g	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.Np]Po]Ns]P:u]S]
J02:0680h	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0680i	-	RR	Thus	thus	[S[R:h.R:h]
J02:0680j	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0680k	-	JJ	direct	direct	[Np:S.
J02:0680m	-	NN2	comparisons	comparison	.
J02:0680n	-	YG	-	-	[137.137]Np:S]
J02:0680p	-	VMo	can	can	[Vcp.
J02:0690a	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:0690b	-	VVNv	drawn	draw	.Vcp]
J02:0690c	-	IW	with	with	[P:G137.
J02:0690d	-	JJ	free	free	[Np:139[J.
J02:0690e	-	JJ	burning	burning	.J]
J02:0690f	-	NN2	arcs	arc	.
J02:0690g	-	DDQr	which	which	[Fr[Dq:S139.Dq:S139]
J02:0690h	-	VH0	have	have	[Vfp.
J02:0690i	-	VBN	been	be	.
J02:0690j	-	VVNv	studied	study	.Vfp]
J02:0690k	-	II	in	in	[P:h.
J02:0690m	-	NN1n	detail	detail	.P:h]
J02:0690n	-	II	during	during	[P:t.
J02:0700a	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0700b	-	JJ	past	past	.
J02:0700c	-	NNT2	years	year	[NNT2&.
J02:0700d	-	CC	and	and	[NN2+.
J02:0700e	-	NN2	decades	decade	.NN2+]NNT2&]Np]P:t]
J02:0700f	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0700g	-	JJ	numerous	numerous	[Np.
J02:0700h	-	NN2	investigators	investigator	.Np]Pb:a]Fr]Np:139]P:G137]
J02:0700i	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0700j	A	NN1c	+Ref.	-	[Iu[Nns.
J02:0700k	-	MCn	3	-	.Nns]Iu]
J02:0700m	-	YPR	+)	-	.S]
J02:0700n	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:0710a	-	YBL	<bmajhd>	-	[Oh.
J02:0710b	-	JJ	EXPERIMENTAL	experimental	[Ns.
J02:0710c	-	NN1n	APPARATUS	apparatus	.Ns]
J02:0710d	-	YBR	<emajhd>	-	.Oh]
J02:0710e	-	NN2	Figures	figure	[O[S[Nnp:s.
J02:0710f	-	MC1n	1	-	[M.
J02:0710g	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:0710h	-	MCn	3	-	.P]M]Nnp:s]
J02:0710i	-	VV0v	show	show	[V.V]
J02:0710j	-	JJ	photographic	photographic	[Np:o[JJ&.
J02:0710k	-	CC	and	and	[JJ+.
J02:0710m	-	JJ	schematic	schematic	.JJ+]JJ&]
J02:0720a	-	NN2	views	view	.
J02:0720b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0720c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0720d	-	NN1c	test	test	.
J02:0720e	-	NN1c	stand	stand	.Ns]
J02:0720f	-	CC	and	and	[Po+.
J02:0720g	-	IO	of	of	.
J02:0720h	-	MC	two	two	[Np.
J02:0720i	-	JJ	different	different	.
J02:0720j	-	NN2	models	model	.
J02:0720k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0720m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0720n	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0730a	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]Po]Np]Po+]Po]Np:o]S]
J02:0730b	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0730c	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0730d	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.Ns:s]
J02:0730e	-	VVDi	consisted	consist	[Vd.Vd]
J02:0730f	-	IO	of	of	[Po:u.
J02:0730g	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:141.
J02:0730h	-	MFn	<frac14>	-	[Ns[Nu.
J02:0730i	-	NNU	+<Prime>	-	.Nu]
J02:0730j	-	NN1c	diameter	diameter	.Ns]
J02:0730k	-	VVNt	thoriated	thoriate	[Ns[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0730m	-	NN1u	tungsten	tungsten	.Ns]
J02:0740a	-	NN1c	rod	rod	.
J02:0740b	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S141.S141]
J02:0740c	-	VVNv	attached	attach	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0740d	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0740e	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0740f	-	NNL1n	water	water	[Tn[Ns:a.Ns:a]
J02:0740g	-	VVNv	cooled	cool	[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0740h	-	NN1n	copper	copper	.
J02:0740i	-	NN1n	tube	tube	.Ns]P:q]Tn]Ns:141]Po:u]S]
J02:0740j	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0740k	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0740m	-	NN1n	tube	tube	.Ns:S]
J02:0740n	-	VMd	could	can	[Vdcp.
J02:0740p	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:0750a	-	VVNt	adjusted	adjust	.Vdcp]
J02:0750b	-	II	in	in	[P:r.
J02:0750c	-	APPGh1	its	its	[Ns.
J02:0750d	-	JJ	axial	axial	.
J02:0750e	-	NN1n	direction	direction	.Ns]P:r]
J02:0750f	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0750g	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns.
J02:0750h	-	JJ	electric	electric	.
J02:0750i	-	NNL1n	drive	drive	.Ns]Pb:a]
J02:0750j	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0750k	-	VV0t	establish	establish	.Vi]
J02:0750m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0760a	-	VVNt	required	require	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0760b	-	NN1c	electrode	electrode	[Tg[Ns:o.Ns:o]
J02:0760c	-	VVGt	spacing	space	[Vg.Vg]Tg]Ns:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:0760d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0760e	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0760f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0760g	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0760h	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:0760i	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]P]Ns:S]
J02:0760j	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0760k	-	VVNv	mounted	mount	.Vsp]
J02:0760m	-	II31	by	by	[P:h[II=.
J02:0760n	-	II32	means	means	.
J02:0770a	-	II33	of	of	.II=]
J02:0770b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:143.
J02:0770c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0770d	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.
J02:0770e	-	DDQr	which	which	[Fr[Dq:S143.Dq:S143]
J02:0770f	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0770g	-	VVNv	attached	attach	.Vsp]
J02:0770h	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:0770i	-	AT1	a	a	[N.
J02:0770j	-	NN1u	steel	steel	.
J02:0770k	-	NN1c	plug	plug	[NN1c&.
J02:0770m	-	CC	and	and	[NN1c+.
J02:0770n	-	NN1c	disk	disk	.NN1c+]NN1c&]N]P:q]Fr]Ns:143]P:h]S]
J02:0770p	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0770q	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s145.
J02:0780a	-	VVGv	transpiring	transpire	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0780b	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.
J02:0780c	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S145.S145]
J02:0780d	-	VVNv	ejected	eject	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0780e	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:0780f	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0780g	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P:q]Tn]Ns:s145]
J02:0780h	-	VVDv	formed	form	[Vd.Vd]
J02:0780i	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:o147.
J02:0780j	-	NN1n	jet	jet	.
J02:0780k	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S147.S147]
J02:0780m	-	VVNv	directed	direct	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0780n	-	RR	axially	axially	[R:h.R:h]
J02:0790a	-	II	towards	towards	[P:q.
J02:0790b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0790c	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.
J02:0790d	-	RL	below	below	.Ns]P:q]Tn]Ns:o147]S]
J02:0790e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0790f	-	NN1n	Inflow	inflow	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0790g	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0790h	-	NN1n	air	air	.Po]
J02:0790i	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:0790j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0790k	-	JJ	surrounding	surrounding	.
J02:0790m	-	NN1n	atmosphere	atmosphere	.Ns]P]Ns:S]
J02:0800a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0800b	-	VVNt	prevented	prevent	.Vsp]
J02:0800c	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:0800d	-	AT	the	the	[Np:149.
J02:0800e	-	MC	two	two	.
J02:0800f	-	NN2	disks	disk	.
J02:0800g	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S149.S149]
J02:0800h	-	VVNv	shown	show	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0800i	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:0800j	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:0800k	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]P:p]Tn]Np:149]Pb:a]S]
J02:0800m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0800n	-	NN1u	Argon	argon	[S[Ns:S.Ns:S]
J02:0800p	-	YG	-	-	[m151.m151]
J02:0800q	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0800r	-	RR	also	also	[R:G151.R:G151]
J02:0810a	-	VVNv	blown	blow	.Vsp]
J02:0810b	-	II	at	at	[P:h.
J02:0810c	-	JJ	low	low	[Np.
J02:0810d	-	NN2	velocities	velocity	.Np]P:h]
J02:0810e	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0810f	-	NN1n	+mass	mass	[L:b[Ns:s.
J02:0810g	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:0810h	-	NN1c	rate	rate	.Ns:s]
J02:0810i	-	FO	<formul>	-	[N:e.N:e]L:b]
J02:0810j	-	YPR	+)	-	.
J02:0810k	-	II	through	through	[P:q.
J02:0810m	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0810n	-	NN1n	tube	tube	.
J02:0810p	-	JJ	coaxial	coaxial	[Jh.
J02:0820a	-	IW	with	with	[P.
J02:0830a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0830b	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.Ns]P]Jh]Ns]P:q]
J02:0830c	-	IIa	as	as	[P:c.
J02:0830d	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns.
J02:0830e	-	JJ	additional	additional	.
J02:0830f	-	NN1n	precaution	precaution	.
J02:0830g	-	II	against	against	[P.
J02:0830h	-	NN1n	contamination	contamination	[Ns.
J02:0830i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0830j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0840a	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]Po]
J02:0840b	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb.
J02:0840c	-	NN1n	air	air	.Pb]Ns]P]Ns]P:c]S]
J02:0840d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0840e	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0840f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns:s]
J02:0840g	-	VVDi	consisted	consist	[Vd.Vd]
J02:0840h	-	IO	of	of	[Po:u.
J02:0840i	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0840j	-	MFn	<frac12>	-	[Ns[Nu.
J02:0840k	-	NNU1c	inch	inch	.Nu]
J02:0840m	-	NN1c	diameter	diameter	.Ns]
J02:0840n	-	JJ	porous	porous	[Ns.
J02:0840p	-	NN1u	graphite	graphite	.Ns]
J02:0850a	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.
J02:0850b	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0850c	-	MFn	<frac14>	-	[Jx[Nu.
J02:0850d	-	NNU1c	inch	inch	.Nu]
J02:0850e	-	JJ	long	long	.Jx]Ns]Po:u]S]
J02:0850f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0850g	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0850h	-	NN1u	graphite	graphite	.Ns:s]
J02:0850i	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsb.Vsb]
J02:0850j	-	JJ	National	national	[Nn:e153.
J02:0850k	-	NN1n	Carbon	carbon	.
J02:0850m	S	NP1z	NC	-	.
J02:0860a	-	MCn	60	-	.
J02:0860b	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:0860c	-	DDQr	which	which	[Fr[Dq:s153.Dq:s153]
J02:0860d	-	VHZ	has	have	[Vz.Vz]
J02:0860e	-	AT1	a	a	[N:o.
J02:0860f	-	NN1n	porosity	porosity	.
J02:0860g	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0860h	-	MCn	50	-	[Nu.
J02:0860i	-	NNUp	+%	-	.Nu]Po]
J02:0860j	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:0860k	-	AT1	an	an	.
J02:0860m	-	JJ	average	average	.
J02:0860n	-	NN1c	pore	pore	.
J02:0860p	-	NN1n	size	size	.
J02:0860q	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0860r	-	MCn	30	-	.Po]Ns+]N:o]Fr]Nn:e153]S]
J02:0860s	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0860t	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0870a	-	JJ	small	small	.
J02:0870b	-	NN1c	pore	pore	.
J02:0870c	-	NN1n	size	size	.Ns:S]
J02:0870d	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0870e	-	VVNt	required	require	.Vsp]
J02:0870f	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0870g	-	VV0v	ensure	ensure	.Vi]
J02:0870h	-	NN1u	uniformity	uniformity	[Ns:o.
J02:0870i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0870j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:155.
J02:0870k	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:0870m	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s155.s155]
J02:0870n	-	VVGv	leaving	leave	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0880a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0880b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns:o]Tg]Ns:155]Po]Ns:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:0880c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0880d	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0880e	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0880f	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.
J02:0880g	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0880h	-	NN1c	+Figure	figure	[Iu[Nns.
J02:0880i	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]Iu]
J02:0880j	-	YPR	+)	-	.Ns:S]
J02:0880k	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0880m	-	VVNt	inserted	insert	.Vsp]
J02:0880n	-	II	into	into	[P:q.
J02:0880p	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0880q	-	NN1n	carbon	carbon	.
J02:0890a	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0890b	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P:q]S]
J02:0890c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0890d	-	AT1	A	a	[S[Ns:S.
J02:0890e	-	VVNt	shielded	shield	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:0890f	-	NN1c	thermocouple	thermocouple	.Ns:S]
J02:0890g	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0890h	-	VVNt	used	use	.Vsp]
J02:0890i	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0890j	-	VV0v	measure	measure	.Vi]
J02:0890k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0890m	-	JB	upstream	upstream	.
J02:0900a	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:0900b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0900c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0900d	-	VVGv	transpiring	transpire	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:0900e	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.Ns]Po]Ns:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:0900f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0900g	-	PPH1	It	it	[S[Ni:S.Ni:S]
J02:0900h	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:0900i	-	VVNt	exposed	expose	.Vsp]
J02:0900j	-	IIt	to	to	[P:u.
J02:0900k	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:0900m	-	JJ	high	high	[Ns.
J02:0900n	-	NN1n	velocity	velocity	.Ns]
J02:0910a	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.
J02:0910b	-	NN1n	jet	jet	.Ns]P:u]S]
J02:0910c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0910d	-	AT1	A	a	[S[N:s.
J02:0910e	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.
J02:0910f	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:0910g	-	AT1	a	a	.
J02:0910h	-	NN1n	tube	tube	.
J02:0910i	-	IW	with	with	[P.
J02:0910j	-	NN2	holes	hole	[Np.
J02:0910k	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0910m	-	APPGh1	its	its	[Np.
J02:0910n	-	JJ	cylindrical	cylindrical	.
J02:0910p	-	NN2	walls	wall	.Np]P]Np]P]Ns+]N:s]
J02:0910q	-	VVDv	divided	divide	[Vd.Vd]
J02:0920a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0920b	-	NNL1c	chamber	chamber	.
J02:0920c	-	II	above	above	[P.
J02:0920d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0920e	-	JJ	porous	porous	.
J02:0920f	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]P]Ns:o]
J02:0920g	-	II	into	into	[P:u.
J02:0920h	-	MC	two	two	[Np.
J02:0920i	-	NN2	parts	part	.Np]P:u]S]
J02:0920j	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0920k	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:s.
J02:0920m	-	NN1n	arrangement	arrangement	.Ns:s]
J02:0930a	-	VHD	had	have	[Vd.Vd]
J02:0930b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0930c	-	NN1n	purpose	purpose	.
J02:0930d	-	TO	to	to	[Ti[Vi.
J02:0930e	-	VV0t	prevent	prevent	.Vi]
J02:0930f	-	JJ	heated	heated	[Ns:O157.
J02:0930g	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.Ns:O157]
J02:0930h	-	YG	-	-	[Ti:o[s157.s157]
J02:0930i	-	TO	to	to	[Vi.
J02:0930j	-	VV0v	reach	reach	.Vi]
J02:0930k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0930m	-	NN1c	thermocouple	thermocouple	.Ns:o]
J02:0930n	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:0940a	-	JJ	natural	natural	[Ns.
J02:0940b	-	NN1u	convection	convection	.Ns]Pb:h]Ti:o]Ti]Ns:o]S]
J02:0940c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0940d	-	MC	Two	two	[S[Np:s159.
J02:0940e	-	NN2	pyrometers	pyrometer	.
J02:0940f	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S159.S159]
J02:0940g	-	VVNv	shown	show	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0940h	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:0940i	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nn.
J02:0940j	-	MC1n	1	-	[MC1n&.
J02:0940k	-	CC	and	and	[MCn+.
J02:0940m	-	MCn	2	-	.MCn+]MC1n&]Nn]P:p]Tn]
J02:0940n	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:0940p	-	NN1c	+Pyrometer	pyrometer	[Nns@[Nns.
J02:0950a	-	NN1c	Instrument	instrument	.
J02:0950b	A	NNJ	Co.	-	.Nns]
J02:0950c	-	NN1c	Model	model	.
J02:0950d	-	MCn	95	-	.Nns@]
J02:0950e	-	YPR	+)	-	.Np:s159]
J02:0950f	-	VVDv	served	serve	[Vd.Vd]
J02:0950g	-	IF	for	for	[P:c.
J02:0950h	-	JJ	simultaneous	simultaneous	[Ns.
J02:0950i	-	NN1n	measurement	measurement	.
J02:0950j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:0960a	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:0960b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0960c	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:0960d	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:0960e	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:0960f	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:0960g	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:0960h	-	NN1n	distribution	distribution	.
J02:0960i	-	II	along	along	[P.
J02:0970a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:0970b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0970c	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P]Ns+]N]Po]Ns]P:c]S]
J02:0970d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:0970e	-	MC	Three	three	[S[Np:S.
J02:0970f	-	NN2	thermocouples	thermocouple	.Np:S]
J02:0970g	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:0970h	-	VVNt	placed	place	.Vwp]
J02:0970i	-	II	at	at	[P:p.
J02:0970j	-	JJ	different	different	[Np.
J02:0970k	-	NN2	locations	location	.
J02:0980a	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:0980b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:161.
J02:0980c	-	NN1u	aluminum	aluminum	.
J02:0980d	-	NN1c	disk	disk	.
J02:0980e	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s161.s161]
J02:0980f	-	VVGt	surrounding	surround	[Vg.Vg]
J02:0980g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:0980h	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0980i	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns:o]Tg]Ns:161]P]Np]P:p]
J02:0980j	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:0980k	-	VV0v	determine	determine	.Vi]
J02:0980m	-	APPGh1	its	its	[Ns:o.
J02:0990a	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.Ns:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:0990b	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:0990c	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:0990d	-	DD1q	Another	another	[O[S[Ns:S163.
J02:0990e	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:0990f	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.
J02:0990g	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S163.S163]
J02:0990h	-	VVNt	used	use	[Vn.Vn]
J02:0990i	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:0990j	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:0990k	-	NN2	experiments	experiment	.Np]P:p]Tn]Ns:S163]
J02:0990m	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzp.
J02:0990n	-	VVNv	shown	show	.Vzp]
J02:1000a	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1000b	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1000c	-	MCn	3	-	.Nns]P:p]S]
J02:1000d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1000e	-	II	In	in	[S[P:p.
J02:1000f	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ns.
J02:1000g	-	NN1n	design	design	.Ns]P:p]
J02:1000h	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:s.
J02:1000i	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1000j	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns:s]
J02:1000k	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:1000m	-	NNL1n	water	water	[Tn:e[Ns:h.Ns:h]
J02:1000n	-	VVNv	cooled	cool	[Vn.Vn]Tn:e]
J02:1000p	-	CC	and	and	[S+.
J02:1010a	-	AT	the	the	[Np:S.
J02:1010b	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1010c	-	NN2	losses	loss	.
J02:1010d	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb.
J02:1010e	-	NN1u	conduction	conduction	[Ns.
J02:1010f	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:1010g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1010h	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns]Pb]Np:S]
J02:1010i	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:1010j	-	VVNv	determined	determine	.Vwp]
J02:1010k	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:1010m	-	VVGv	measuring	measure	[Tg[Vg.Vg]
J02:1020a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:1020b	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1020c	-	NNL1c	rise	rise	.
J02:1020d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1020e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1020f	-	NN1n	coolant	coolant	.Ns]Po]Ns:o]Tg]Pb:a]S+]S]
J02:1020g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1020h	-	TO	To	to	[S[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:1020i	-	VV0v	reduce	reduce	.Vi]
J02:1020j	-	NN1n	heat	heat	[Ns:o.
J02:1020k	-	NN1n	transfer	transfer	.
J02:1020m	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:1030a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1030b	-	JJ	hot	hot	.
J02:1030c	E	NN1n	has	gas	.Ns]P]
J02:1030d	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:1030e	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ns.
J02:1030f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1030g	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P]
J02:1030h	-	II	outside	outside	[P.
J02:1030i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1030j	-	NN1c	regime	r<eacute>gime	.
J02:1030k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1030m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1030n	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]Po]Ns]P]Ns:o]Ti:c]
J02:1030p	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1030q	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:S.
J02:1030r	-	NN1n	carbon	carbon	.
J02:1040a	-	NN1c	shield	shield	.Ns:S]
J02:1040b	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1040c	-	VVNv	attached	attach	.Vsp]
J02:1040d	-	IIt	to	to	[P:u.
J02:1040e	E	AT	+the	the	[Ns.
J02:1040f	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]P:u]
J02:1040g	-	VVGv	providing	provide	[Tg:s[Vg.Vg]
J02:1040h	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns:o.
J02:1040i	-	NN1n	air	air	.
J02:1040j	-	NN1c	gap	gap	.
J02:1040k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1040m	-	MFn	<fra116>	-	[Nus.
J02:1050a	-	NNU1c	inch	inch	.Nus]Po]
J02:1050b	-	II	between	between	[P.
J02:1050c	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:1050d	-	NN1n	plate	plate	.
J02:1050e	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:1050f	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:1050g	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1050h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1050i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1050j	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1050k	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]Po]Ns+]N]P]Ns:o]Tg:s]S]
J02:1050m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1050n	-	II	In	in	[S[P:m.
J02:1050p	-	NN1n	addition	addition	.P:m]
J02:1050q	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1060a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:1060b	-	JBR	inner	inner	.
J02:1060c	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1060d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1060e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1060f	-	NN1n	carbon	carbon	.
J02:1060g	-	NN1c	shield	shield	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:1060h	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1060i	-	VVNt	covered	cover	.Vsp]
J02:1060j	-	IW	with	with	[P:h.
J02:1060k	-	NN1u	aluminum	aluminum	[Ns.
J02:1060m	-	NN1n	foil	foil	.Ns]P:h]
J02:1070a	-	TO	to	to	[Tg:c[Vi.
J02:1070b	-	VV0v	reduce	reduce	.Vi]
J02:1070c	-	NN1n	radiation	radiation	[Ns:o.Ns:o]Tg:c]S]
J02:1070d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1070e	-	NN2	Temperatures	temperature	[S[Np:S.
J02:1070f	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1070g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1070h	-	NN1c	shield	shield	.Ns]
J02:1070i	-	CC	and	and	[Po+.
J02:1070j	-	IO	of	of	.
J02:1070k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1070m	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1080a	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1080b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1080c	-	NNL1n	water	water	[Tn[Ns:a.Ns:a]
J02:1080d	-	YH	+<hyphen>	-	.
J02:1080e	-	VVNv	+cooled	cool	[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:1080f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1080g	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]Po]Ns]Po+]Po]Np:S]
J02:1080h	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:1080i	-	VVNv	measured	measure	.Vwp]
J02:1080j	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1080k	-	NN2	thermocouples	thermocouple	.Pb:h]
J02:1080m	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:1080n	-	VV0v	account	account	.Vi]
J02:1090a	-	IF	for	for	[P:u.
J02:1090b	-	NN1n	heat	heat	[Ns:165.
J02:1090c	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S165.S165]
J02:1090d	-	VVNv	received	receive	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1090e	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:1090f	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1090g	-	NN1n	coolant	coolant	.Ns]Pb:a]
J02:1090h	-	CCB	but	but	[Tg+.
J02:1090i	-	XX	not	not	[Vge.
J02:1090j	-	VVGv	originating	originate	.Vge]
J02:1090k	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:1090m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1090n	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1100a	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]P:q]Tg+]Tn]Ns:165]P:u]Ti:c]S]
J02:1100b	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:1100c	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:1100d	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Ns:S.
J02:1100e	-	NN1u	argon	argon	.
J02:1100f	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:1100g	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:1100h	-	JJ	commercial	commercial	[Np.
J02:1100i	-	NN2	bottles	bottle	.Np]P]Ns:S]
J02:1100j	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1100k	-	VVNt	regulated	regulate	.Vsp]
J02:1110a	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1110b	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:1110c	-	NN1n	pressure	pressure	.
J02:1110d	-	NN1c	regulator	regulator	.Ns]Pb:h]
J02:1110e	-	CC	and	and	[S+.
J02:1110f	-	VVNv	measured	measure	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1110g	-	IW	with	with	[P:h.
J02:1110h	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:1110i	-	NN1n	gas	gas	[Ns.
J02:1110j	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.Ns]
J02:1110k	-	NN1c	rator	rater	.Ns]P:h]S+]S]
J02:1110m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1110n	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:1110p	-	NN1n	power	power	.
J02:1120a	-	NN1c	source	source	.Ns:s]
J02:1120b	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsb.Vsb]
J02:1120c	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:e.
J02:1120d	-	JJ	commercial	commercial	.
J02:1120e	A	NN1u21	D.	-	[NN1u=.
J02:1120f	A	NN1u22	C.	-	.NN1u=]
J02:1120g	-	NN1c	rectifier	rectifier	.Ns:e]S]
J02:1120h	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1120i	-	II	At	at	[S[P:p.
J02:1120j	-	MCn	100	-	[Nu.
J02:1120k	S	NNU	Amp	-	.Nu]P:p]
J02:1120m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:s.
J02:1130a	-	MCn	360	-	[Ns.
J02:1130b	-	NN1c	cycle	cycle	.Ns]
J02:1130c	-	NN1c	ripple	ripple	.Ns:s]
J02:1130d	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsb.Vsb]
J02:1130e	-	DAR	less	less	[D:e.
J02:1130f	-	CSN	than	than	[P.
J02:1130g	-	MCd	0.5	-	[Nu.
J02:1130h	S	NNU	V	-	.
J02:1130i	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:1130j	-	NN1c	+peak	peak	[L[Ns:q.Ns:q]
J02:1130k	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:1130m	-	NN1c	peak	peak	.P:q]L]
J02:1130n	-	YPR	+)	-	.Nu]P]D:e]
J02:1130p	-	IW	with	with	[P:r.
J02:1130q	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:1130r	-	JJ	resistive	resistive	.
J02:1140a	-	NN1c	load	load	.Ns]P:r]S]
J02:1140b	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1140c	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1140d	-	NN1c	current	current	.Ns:S]
J02:1140e	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1140f	-	VVNt	regulated	regulate	.Vsp]
J02:1140g	-	II31	by	by	[P:h[II=.
J02:1140h	-	II32	means	means	.
J02:1140i	-	II33	of	of	.II=]
J02:1140j	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:1140k	-	JJ	variable	variable	.
J02:1140m	-	NN1c	resistor	resistor	.Ns]P:h]
J02:1140n	-	CC	and	and	[S+.
J02:1150a	-	VVNv	measured	measure	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1150b	-	IW	with	with	[P:h.
J02:1150c	-	AT1	a	a	[N.
J02:1150d	-	MCn	50	-	[Nu.
J02:1150e	S	NNU	mV	-	.Nu]
J02:1150f	-	NN1c	shunt	shunt	.
J02:1150g	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:1150h	-	NN1c	millivoltmeter	millivoltmeter	.Ns+]N]P:h]S+]S]
J02:1150i	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1150j	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1150k	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:1150m	-	NN1n	voltage	voltage	.Ns:S]
J02:1160a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1160b	-	VVNv	measured	measure	.Vsp]
J02:1160c	-	IW	with	with	[P:h.
J02:1160d	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:167.
J02:1160e	-	NN1c	voltmeter	voltmeter	.
J02:1160f	-	DDQGr	whose	whose	[Fr[Nqp:S167.
J02:1160g	-	NN2	terminals	terminal	.Nqp:S167]
J02:1160h	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:1160i	-	VVNv	connected	connect	.Vwp]
J02:1160j	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:1160k	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1160m	-	NN1c	anode	anode	[NN1c&.
J02:1170a	-	CC	and	and	[NN1c+.
J02:1170b	-	NN1c	cathode	cathode	.NN1c+]NN1c&]
J02:1170c	-	NN2	holders	holder	.Np]P:q]Fr]Ns:167]P:h]S]
J02:1170d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1170e	-	II21	Because	because	[S[P:c[II=.
J02:1170f	-	II22	of	of	.II=]
J02:1170g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1170h	-	VVGi	falling	fall	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:1170i	-	NN1c	characteristic	characteristic	.
J02:1170j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1170k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1180a	-	NN1c	rectifier	rectifier	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:c]
J02:1180b	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1180c	-	ATn	no	no	[Ns:S.
J02:1180d	-	NN1u	ballast	ballast	.
J02:1180e	-	NN1c	resistor	resistor	.Ns:S]
J02:1180f	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1180g	-	VVNt	required	require	.Vsp]
J02:1180h	-	IF	for	for	[P:c.
J02:1180i	-	NN1u	stability	stability	[Ns.
J02:1180j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1180k	-	NN1n	operation	operation	.Po]Ns]P:c]S]
J02:1180m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1190a	-	AT1	A	a	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1190b	-	JJ	high	high	[Ns.
J02:1190c	-	NN1n	frequency	frequency	.Ns]
J02:1190d	-	NN1c	starter	starter	.Ns:S]
J02:1190e	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1190f	-	VVNt	used	use	.Vsp]
J02:1190g	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:1190h	-	VV0v	start	start	.Vi]
J02:1190i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:1190j	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns:o]Ti:c]S]
J02:1190k	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:1190m	-	YBL	<bmajhd>	-	[Oh.
J02:1190n	-	JJ	EXPERIMENTAL	experimental	[N.
J02:1200a	-	NN1n	PROCEDURE	procedure	.
J02:1200b	-	CC	AND	and	[Ns+.
J02:1200c	-	NN1n	ERROR	error	.
J02:1200d	-	NN1n	ANALYSIS	analysis	.Ns+]N]
J02:1200e	-	YBR	<emajhd>	-	.Oh]
J02:1200f	-	YBL	<bminhd>	-	[Oh.
J02:1200g	-	MCb	1.	-	.
J02:1200h	-	NN1u	TRANSPIRATION	transpiration	[Ns[Tn[Ns:a.Ns:a]
J02:1200i	-	VVNv	COOLED	cool	[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:1200j	-	NN1c	ANODE	anode	.
J02:1200k	-	IW	WITH	with	[P.
J02:1210a	-	NN1n	CARBON	carbon	[Ns.
J02:1210b	-	NN1c	ANODE	anode	.
J02:1210c	-	NN1c	HOLDER	holder	.Ns]P]Ns]
J02:1210d	-	YBR	<eminhd>	-	.Oh]
J02:1210e	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Ns:S169.
J02:1210f	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1210g	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.
J02:1210h	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S169.S169]
J02:1210i	-	VVNv	shown	show	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1210j	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1210k	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1210m	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]P:p]Tn]Ns:S169]
J02:1210n	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1210p	-	VVNv	designed	design	.Vsp]
J02:1230a	-	IW	with	with	[W:b.
J02:1230b	-	MC	two	two	[Np:s.
J02:1230c	-	NN2	goals	goal	.Np:s]
J02:1230d	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1230e	-	NN1n	mind	mind	.P:p]W:b]S]
J02:1230f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1230g	-	AT	The	the	[S[Np:s.
J02:1230h	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1230i	-	NN2	losses	loss	.
J02:1230j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1230k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1230m	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]Po]Np:s]
J02:1230n	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwb.Vwb]
J02:1230p	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:z[Vip.
J02:1230q	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:1230r	-	VVNv	reduced	reduce	.Vip]
J02:1240a	-	RGa	as	as	[R:h.
J02:1240b	-	RRf	far	far	.
J02:1240c	-	CSA	as	as	[Fc.
J02:1240d	-	JJ	possible	possible	[J:e.J:e]Fc]R:h]Ti:z]
J02:1240e	-	CC	and	and	[S+.
J02:1240f	-	PPHS2	they	they	[Nap:s.Nap:s]
J02:1240g	-	VMd	should	shall	[Vdcb.
J02:1240h	-	VB0	be	be	.Vdcb]
J02:1240i	-	DAz	such	such	[D:e.
J02:1240j	-	CST	that	that	[Fc.
J02:1240k	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns:S.
J02:1240m	-	JJ	accurate	accurate	.
J02:1240n	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1250a	-	NN1n	balance	balance	.Ns:S]
J02:1250b	-	VMo	can	can	[Vcp.
J02:1250c	-	VB0	be	be	.
J02:1250d	-	VVNv	made	make	.Vcp]Fc]D:e]S+]S]
J02:1250e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1250f	-	BTO21	In	in	[S[Ti:c[BTO=.
J02:1250g	-	BTO22	order	order	.BTO=]
J02:1250h	-	TO	to	to	[Vi.
J02:1250i	-	VV0v	reduce	reduce	.Vi]
J02:1250j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:1250k	-	NN1c	number	number	.
J02:1250m	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1250n	-	JJ	variable	variable	[Np.
J02:1250p	-	NN2	parameters	parameter	.Np]Po]Ns:o]Ti:c]
J02:1250q	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1260a	-	DBa	all	all	[Np:S.
J02:1260b	-	NN2	experiments	experiment	.Np:S]
J02:1260c	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:1260d	-	VVNv	made	make	.Vwp]
J02:1260e	-	IW	with	with	[P:b.
J02:1260f	-	AT1	a	a	[N.
J02:1260g	-	JJ	constant	constant	.
J02:1260h	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:1260i	-	NN1n	length	length	.
J02:1260j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1260k	-	MCd	0.5	-	[Nu.
J02:1260m	-	NNU	+<Prime>	-	.Nu]Po]
J02:1270a	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:1270b	-	AT1	a	a	.
J02:1270c	-	NN1c	current	current	.
J02:1270d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1270e	-	MCn	100	-	[Nu.
J02:1270f	S	NNU	Amp	-	.Nu]Po]Ns+]N]P:b]S]
J02:1270g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1270h	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1270i	-	NN1u	argon	argon	.
J02:1270j	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:1270k	-	II	through	through	[P.
J02:1270m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1270n	-	JJ	porous	porous	.
J02:1270p	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns:S]
J02:1280a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1280b	-	VVNv	varied	vary	.Vsp]
J02:1280c	-	RR	systematically	systematically	[R:h.R:h]
J02:1280d	-	II	between	between	[P:q.
J02:1280e	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[FOx&.
J02:1280f	-	CC	and	and	[FOx+.
J02:1280g	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.FOx+]FOx&]P:q]S]
J02:1280h	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1280i	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1280j	-	JJR	lower	low	.
J02:1280k	-	NN1c	limit	limit	.Ns:S]
J02:1290a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1290b	-	VVNv	determined	determine	.Vsp]
J02:1290c	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1290d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1290e	-	NN1n	fact	fact	.
J02:1290f	-	CST	that	that	[Fn.
J02:1290g	-	IF	for	for	[P:r.
J02:1290h	-	JJR	smaller	small	[Np.
J02:1290i	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:1290j	-	NN2	rates	rate	.Np]P:r]
J02:1290k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:s.
J02:1290m	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns:s]
J02:1290n	-	VVDv	started	start	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1300a	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:z[Vi.
J02:1300b	-	VV0v	strike	strike	.Vi]
J02:1300c	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:1300d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1300e	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1300f	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P:q]
J02:1300g	-	II21	instead	instead	[P:c[II=.
J02:1300h	-	II22	of	of	.II=]
J02:1300i	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:1300j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1300k	-	JJ	porous	porous	[Ns.
J02:1300m	-	NN1u	graphite	graphite	.Ns]
J02:1300n	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]P]P:c]Ti:z]
J02:1310a	-	CC	and	and	[Fn+.
J02:1310b	-	CST	that	that	.
J02:1310c	-	PPH1	it	it	[Ni:s.Ni:s]
J02:1310d	-	VVDv	became	become	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1310e	-	RR	highly	highly	[J:e.
J02:1310f	-	JJ	unstable	unstable	.J:e]Fn+]Fn]Ns]Pb:h]S]
J02:1310g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1310h	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1310i	-	JBR	upper	upper	.
J02:1310j	-	NN1c	limit	limit	.Ns:S]
J02:1310k	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1310m	-	VVNv	determined	determine	.Vsp]
J02:1310n	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1320a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1320b	-	NN1n	difficulty	difficulty	.
J02:1320c	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1320d	-	VVGv	measuring	measure	[Tg[Vg.Vg]
J02:1320e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:1320f	-	JJ	characteristic	characteristic	.
J02:1320g	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1320h	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1320i	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.Ns:o]Tg]Po]Ns]Pb:h]
J02:1330a	-	YPL	(	-	.
J02:1330b	-	VV0v	+see	see	[I[S*[V.V]
J02:1330c	-	RL	below	below	[R:p.R:p]S*]I]
J02:1330d	-	YPR	+)	-	.
J02:1330e	-	ICSt	since	since	[Fa:c.
J02:1330f	-	RRx	only	only	[R:m.R:m]
J02:1330g	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:S.
J02:1330h	-	JJ	small	small	.
J02:1330i	-	NN1c	region	region	.
J02:1330j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1330k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1330m	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:1330n	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1330p	-	VVNv	struck	strike	.Vsp]
J02:1330q	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:1330r	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1340a	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.Ns]Pb:a]Fa:c]S]
J02:1340b	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1340c	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:s173.
J02:1340d	-	NN1c	region	region	.
J02:1340e	-	DDQr	which	which	[Fr[Dq:s173.Dq:s173]
J02:1340f	-	VHD	had	have	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1340g	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:o.
J02:1340h	-	JJR	higher	high	[J.
J02:1340i	-	YG	-	-	[174.174]J]
J02:1340j	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1340k	-	CSN	than	than	[P:G174.
J02:1340m	-	DD21	the	the	[Ds[DD=.
J02:1340n	-	DD22	rest	rest	.DD=]
J02:1340p	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1340q	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1350a	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1350b	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]Po]Ds]P:G174]Ns:o]Fr]Ns:s173]
J02:1350c	-	VVDv	changed	change	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1350d	-	NN1n	size	size	[N:o[NN1n&.
J02:1350e	-	CC	and	and	[NN1n+.
J02:1350f	-	NN1n	location	location	.NN1n+]NN1n&]N:o]
J02:1350g	-	RR	continuously	continuously	[R:t.R:t]S]
J02:1350h	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:1350i	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:1350j	-	IF	For	for	[O[S[P:r.
J02:1350k	-	DD1q	each	each	[Ns.
J02:1360a	-	NN1n	mass	mass	[Ns.
J02:1360b	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.Ns]
J02:1360c	-	NN1c	rate	rate	.Ns]P:r]
J02:1360d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:1360e	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:1360f	-	NN1n	voltage	voltage	.Ns:S]
J02:1360g	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1360h	-	VVNv	measured	measure	.Vsp]S]
J02:1360i	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1360j	-	TO	To	to	[S[Ti:c[Vi.
J02:1360k	-	VV0v	measure	measure	.Vi]
J02:1360m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o.
J02:1360n	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1370a	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1370b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1370c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1370d	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1370e	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]Po]Ns:o]Ti:c]
J02:1370f	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1370g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:1370h	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns:S]
J02:1370i	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1370j	-	VVNv	scanned	scan	.Vsp]
J02:1370k	-	IW	with	with	[P:h.
J02:1370m	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns.
J02:1370n	-	NN1c	pyrometer	pyrometer	.Ns]P:h]S]
J02:1370p	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1380a	-	CSA	As	as	[S[A:c.
J02:1380b	-	PPH1	it	it	[Ni:s.Ni:s]
J02:1380c	-	VVDv	turned	turn	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1380d	-	RP	out	out	[R:n.R:n]A:c]
J02:1380e	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1380f	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:s.
J02:1380g	-	RG	very	very	[J.
J02:1380h	-	JJ	hot	hot	.J]
J02:1380i	-	NN1c	region	region	.Ns:s]
J02:1380j	-	VVDi	occurred	occur	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1380k	-	II	on	on	[P:p.
J02:1380m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1380n	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]P:p]S]
J02:1380p	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1380q	-	APPGh1	Its	its	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1380r	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.Ns:S]
J02:1390a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1390b	-	VVNt	denoted	denote	.Vsp]
J02:1390c	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1390d	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.Pb:h]S]
J02:1390e	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1390f	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1390g	-	NN1n	size	size	.
J02:1390h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1390i	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ns.
J02:1390j	-	JJ	hot	hot	.
J02:1390k	-	NN1c	region	region	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:1390m	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1390n	-	VVNv	estimated	estimate	.Vsp]
J02:1400a	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1400b	-	NN1c	eye	eye	.Pb:h]S]
J02:1400c	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1400d	-	DD21	The	the	[S[Ds:s[DD=.
J02:1400e	-	DD22	rest	rest	.DD=]
J02:1400f	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1400g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1400h	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]Po]Ds:s]
J02:1400i	-	VHD	had	have	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1400j	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:o175.
J02:1400k	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1400m	-	DDQr	which	which	[Fr[Dq:s175.Dq:s175]
J02:1400n	-	VVDv	decreased	decrease	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1400p	-	II	towards	towards	[P:q.
J02:1410a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1410b	-	JBR	outer	outer	.
J02:1410c	-	NN1c	diameter	diameter	.
J02:1410d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1410e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1410f	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:q]Fr]Ns:o175]S]
J02:1410g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1410h	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1410i	-	NN1c	mean	mean	.
J02:1410j	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1410k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1410m	-	DD1i	this	this	[Ns.
J02:1410n	-	NN1c	region	region	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:1420a	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1420b	-	VVNv	approximated	approximate	.Vsp]
J02:1420c	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:1420d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:177.
J02:1420e	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1420f	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S177.S177]
J02:1420g	-	VVNv	measured	measure	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1420h	-	RR	halfways	halfways	[R:p.R:p]
J02:1420i	-	II	between	between	[P:p.
J02:1420j	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:1430a	-	NN1c	edge	edge	.
J02:1430b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1430c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1430d	-	JJ	hot	hot	.
J02:1430e	-	NN1c	spot	spot	.Ns]Po]
J02:1430f	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:1430g	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:1430h	-	NN1c	rim	rim	.
J02:1430i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1430j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1430k	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]Po]Ns+]N]P:p]Tn]Ns:177]Pb:a]S]
J02:1430m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1430n	-	PPH1	It	it	[S[Ni:S.Ni:S]
J02:1430p	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1430q	-	VVNt	denoted	denote	.Vsp]
J02:1430r	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:h.
J02:1430s	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.Pb:h]S]
J02:1430t	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1440a	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1440b	-	JJ	mean	mean	.
J02:1440c	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1440d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1440e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1440f	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]Po]Ns:S]
J02:1440g	-	YG	-	-	[t179.t179]
J02:1440h	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1440i	-	RTn	then	then	[Rsw:G179.Rsw:G179]
J02:1440j	-	VVNv	computed	compute	.Vsp]
J02:1440k	-	II21	according	accord	[P:h[II=.
J02:1440m	-	II22	to	to	.II=]
J02:1450a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1450b	-	JJ	following	following	.
J02:1450c	-	NN1n	relation	relation	.
J02:1450d	-	YN	+:	-	.
J02:1450e	-	FOqx	<formul>	-	[S@:180.
J02:1450f	-	RRQr	where	where	[Fr:x[Rq:p180.Rq:p180]
J02:1450g	S	FOx	x	-	[N:s.N:s]
J02:1450h	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:1450i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:e181.
J02:1450j	-	NN1c	fraction	fraction	.
J02:1450k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1450m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1450n	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.
J02:1450p	-	NN1n	area	area	.Ns]Po]
J02:1450q	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S181.S181]
J02:1470a	-	VVNt	covered	cover	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1470b	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:1470c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1470d	-	JJ	hot	hot	.
J02:1470e	-	NN1c	spot	spot	.Ns]Pb:a]Tn]Ns:e181]Fr:x]S@:180]Ns]P:h]S]
J02:1470f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1470g	-	VVGt	Assuming	assume	[S[Tg:b[Vg.Vg]
J02:1470h	-	JJ	thermal	thermal	[Ns:o.
J02:1470i	-	NN1u	equilibrium	equilibrium	.
J02:1470j	-	II	between	between	[P.
J02:1470k	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:1480a	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1480b	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1480c	-	CC	and	and	[Ns+.
J02:1480d	-	AT	the	the	.
J02:1480e	-	VVGv	transpiring	transpire	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:1480f	-	NN1u	argon	argon	.Ns+]N]P]Ns:o]Tg:b]
J02:1480g	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1480h	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:1480i	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.
J02:1480j	-	NN1n	enthalpy	enthalpy	.
J02:1480k	-	NNL1c	rise	rise	.
J02:1480m	-	II	through	through	[P.
J02:1490a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1490b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.Ns]P]Ns:S]
J02:1490c	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1490d	-	VVNv	calculated	calculate	.Vsp]
J02:1490e	-	II21	according	accord	[P:h[II=.
J02:1490f	-	II22	to	to	.II=]
J02:1490g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:182.
J02:1490h	-	NN1n	relation	relation	.
J02:1490i	-	FOqx	<formul>	-	[S@.S@]
J02:1490j	-	RRQr	whereby	whereby	[Fr[Rq:c182.Rq:c182]
J02:1490k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:1490m	-	JJ	specific	specific	.
J02:1500a	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1500b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1500c	-	NN1u	argon	argon	.Po]Ns:S]
J02:1500d	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1500e	-	VVNv	taken	take	.Vsp]
J02:1500f	-	IIa	as	as	[P:e.
J02:1500g	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.P:e]Fr]Ns:182]P:h]S]
J02:1500h	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1500i	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:s.
J02:1500j	-	NN1n	calculation	calculation	.Ns:s]
J02:1500k	-	VVZi	results	result	[Vz.Vz]
J02:1500m	-	II	in	in	[P:u.
J02:1505a	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns:183.
J02:1510a	-	NN1n	enthalpy	enthalpy	.
J02:1510b	-	NNL1c	rise	rise	.
J02:1510c	-	DDQr	which	which	[Fr[Dq:s183.Dq:s183]
J02:1510d	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:1510e	-	RR	somewhat	somewhat	[J:e.
J02:1510f	-	JJ	high	high	.J:e]
J02:1510g	-	CS	because	because	[Fa:c.
J02:1510h	-	PPH1	it	it	[Ni:s.Ni:s]
J02:1510i	-	VVZt	assumes	assume	[Vz.Vz]
J02:1510j	-	AT1	a	a	[Ns:o185.
J02:1510k	-	NN1n	mass	mass	.
J02:1510m	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:1510n	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S185.S185]
J02:1510p	-	RR	equally	equally	[R:h.R:h]
J02:1520a	-	VVNt	distributed	distribute	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1520b	-	II	over	over	[P:p.
J02:1520c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1520d	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.
J02:1520e	-	NN1c	cross	cross	.
J02:1520f	-	NN1c	section	section	.Ns]P:p]Tn]Ns:o185]
J02:1520g	-	CS	whereas	whereas	[Fa:c.
J02:1520h	-	II	in	in	[P:m.
J02:1520i	-	NN1n	reality	reality	.P:m]
J02:1520j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S187.
J02:1520k	-	NN1n	mass	mass	.
J02:1530a	-	NN1n	velocity	velocity	.Ns:S187]
J02:1530b	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzp.
J02:1530c	-	VVNt	expected	expect	.Vzp]
J02:1530d	-	YG	-	-	[Ti:o[s187.s187]
J02:1530e	-	TO	to	to	[Vib.
J02:1530f	-	VB0	be	be	.Vib]
J02:1530g	-	JJR	smaller	small	[J:e.J:e]
J02:1530h	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1530i	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1530j	-	NN2	regions	region	.
J02:1530k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1530m	-	JJR	higher	high	[Np.
J02:1530n	-	NN2	temperatures	temperature	.Np]Po]Np]P:p]Ti:o]Fa:c]Fa:c]Fr]Ns:183]P:u]S]
J02:1530p	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:1540a	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:1540b	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Ns:s189.
J02:1540c	-	JB	upstream	upstream	.
J02:1540d	-	NN1n	gas	gas	.
J02:1540e	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1540f	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S189.S189]
J02:1540g	-	VVNv	measured	measure	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1540h	-	IW	with	with	[P:h.
J02:1540i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:191.
J02:1540j	-	NN1c	thermocouple	thermocouple	.
J02:1540k	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S191.S191]
J02:1550a	-	VVNv	shown	show	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1550b	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1550c	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1550d	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]P:p]Tn]Ns:191]P:h]Tn]Ns:s189]
J02:1550e	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsb.Vsb]
J02:1550f	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[N:e.N:e]S]
J02:1550g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1550h	-	AT	The	the	[S[Np:S.
J02:1550i	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.
J02:1550j	-	NN2	values	value	.Np:S]
J02:1550k	-	VBR	are	be	[Vap.
J02:1550m	-	VVNv	listed	list	.Vap]
J02:1550n	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1550p	-	NN1c	Table	table	[Nns.
J02:1550q	-	MC1n	1	-	.Nns]P:p]
J02:1560a	-	II21	together	together	[P:w[II=.
J02:1570a	-	II22	with	with	.II=]
J02:1570b	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1570c	-	JJ	measured	measured	.
J02:1570d	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1570e	-	NN2	temperatures	temperature	.
J02:1570f	-	CC	and	and	[Np+.
J02:1570g	-	NN1c	arc	arc	.
J02:1570h	-	NN2	voltages	voltage	.Np+]Np]P:w]S]
J02:1570i	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1570j	-	RR	Simultaneously	simultaneously	[S[R:t.
J02:1580a	-	IW	with	with	[P.
J02:1580b	-	AT	the	the	[N.
J02:1580c	-	NN1c	anode	anode	[Ns.
J02:1580d	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]
J02:1580e	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1580f	-	CC	and	and	[Np+.
J02:1580g	-	NN1n	voltage	voltage	.
J02:1580h	-	NN2	measurements	measurement	.Np+]N]P]R:t]
J02:1580i	-	NN1c	pyrometer	pyrometer	[Np:S.
J02:1590a	-	NN2	readings	reading	.Np:S]
J02:1590b	-	VBDR	were	be	[Vwp.
J02:1590c	-	VVNv	taken	take	.Vwp]
J02:1590d	-	II	along	along	[P:p.
J02:1590e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1590f	-	JJ	cylindrical	cylindrical	.
J02:1590g	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1590h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1590i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1590j	-	NN1n	carbon	carbon	.
J02:1590k	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1600a	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:p]
J02:1600b	-	CSA	as	as	[A:h.
J02:1600c	-	VVNt	indicated	indicate	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1600d	-	II	on	on	[P:p.
J02:1600e	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1600f	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]P:p]A:h]S]
J02:1600g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1600h	-	DDi	Some	some	[S[Dp:S.
J02:1600i	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1600j	-	DD2i	these	these	[Np.
J02:1600k	-	NN2	temperatures	temperature	.Np]Po]Dp:S]
J02:1600m	-	VBR	are	be	[Vap.
J02:1600n	-	VVNv	plotted	plot	.Vap]
J02:1610a	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1610b	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1610c	-	MCn	4	-	.Nns]P:p]S]
J02:1610d	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1610e	-	PPHS2	They	they	[S[Nap:s.Nap:s]
J02:1610f	-	VVDv	showed	show	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1610g	-	ATn	no	no	[Ns:o.
J02:1610h	-	JJ	marked	marked	.
J02:1610i	-	NN1u	dependence	dependence	.
J02:1610j	-	II	on	on	[P.
J02:1610k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1610m	-	NN1c	flow	flow	.
J02:1610n	-	NN1c	rate	rate	.Ns]P]
J02:1620a	-	II	within	within	[P.
J02:1620b	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1620c	-	NN1n	accuracy	accuracy	.
J02:1620d	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1620e	-	DD2i	these	these	[Np.
J02:1620f	-	NN2	measurements	measurement	.Np]Po]Ns]P]Ns:o]S]
J02:1620g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1620h	-	RR	Thus	thus	[S[R:c.R:c]
J02:1620i	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1620j	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S193.
J02:1620k	-	VVNt	dotted	dot	[Tn[Vn.Vn]Tn]
J02:1620m	-	NN1n	line	line	.
J02:1620n	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S193.S193]
J02:1620p	-	VVNv	shown	show	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1630a	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1630b	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1630c	-	MCn	4	-	.Nns]P:p]Tn]Ns:S193]
J02:1630d	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1630e	-	VVNv	taken	take	.Vsp]
J02:1630f	-	CSA	as	as	[A:e.
J02:1630g	-	JJ	typical	typical	[Jh:e.Jh:e]
J02:1630h	-	IF	for	for	[P:r.
J02:1630i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1630j	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1630k	-	NN1n	distribution	distribution	.Ns]P:r]
J02:1630m	-	IF	for	for	[P:r.
J02:1640a	-	DBa	all	all	[Np.
J02:1640b	-	VVGv	blowing	blow	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:1640c	-	NN2	rates	rate	.Np]P:r]A:e]S]
J02:1640d	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
J02:1640e	-	YB	<minbrk>	-	[Oh.Oh]
J02:1640f	-	AT	The	the	[O[S[Np:s.
J02:1640g	-	NN2	thermocouples	thermocouple	.
J02:1640h	-	II	in	in	[P.
J02:1640i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:195.
J02:1640j	-	NN1u	aluminum	aluminum	.
J02:1640k	-	NN1c	disk	disk	.
J02:1640m	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S195.S195]
J02:1640n	-	VVNv	shown	show	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1650a	-	II	in	in	[P:p.
J02:1650b	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1650c	-	MCn	2	-	.Nns]P:p]Tn]Ns:195]P]Np:s]
J02:1650d	-	VVDt	indicated	indicate	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1650e	-	AT1	an	an	[Ns:o.
J02:1650f	-	NN1u	equilibrium	equilibrium	.
J02:1650g	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1650h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1650i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1650j	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]Po]
J02:1650k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1660a	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.Po]Ns:o]S]
J02:1660b	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1660c	-	DD1i	This	this	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1660d	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.Ns:S]
J02:1660e	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1660f	-	VVNv	taken	take	.Vsp]
J02:1660g	-	IIa	as	as	[P:e.
J02:1660h	-	JJ	environmental	environmental	[Ns:197.
J02:1660i	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1660j	-	IIt	to	to	[Fr[Pq:u.
J02:1660k	-	DDQr	which	which	[Dq:197.Dq:197]Pq:u]
J02:1670a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:S.
J02:1670b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1670c	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns:S]
J02:1670d	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1670e	-	VVNt	exposed	expose	.Vsp]Fr]Ns:197]P:e]
J02:1670f	-	RGa	as	as	[R:r.
J02:1670g	-	RRf	far	far	.
J02:1670h	-	CSA	as	as	[Fc.
J02:1670i	-	NN1n	radiation	radiation	[Ns:S.Ns:S]
J02:1670j	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzp.
J02:1670k	-	VVNt	concerned	concern	.Vzp]Fc]R:r]S]
J02:1670m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1670n	-	PPH1	It	it	[S[Ni:s.Ni:s]
J02:1680a	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:1680b	-	RR	sufficiently	sufficiently	[J:e[R.
J02:1680c	-	YG	-	-	[198.198]R]
J02:1680d	-	JJ	small	small	.J:e]
J02:1680e	-	VVNv	compared	compare	[Tn:r[Vn.Vn]
J02:1680f	-	IW	with	with	[P:u.
J02:1680g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1680h	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.
J02:1680i	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1680j	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1680k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1680m	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1690a	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:u]Tn:r]
J02:1690b	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1690c	-	TO	to	to	[Ti:G198[Vi.
J02:1690d	-	VV0v	make	make	.Vi]
J02:1690e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o199.
J02:1690f	-	NN1n	energy	energy	.
J02:1690g	-	NN1n	flux	flux	.
J02:1690h	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S199.S199]
J02:1690i	-	VVNv	radiated	radiate	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1690j	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:1690k	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1690m	-	NN1n	environment	environment	.Ns]P:q]
J02:1690n	-	II	toward	toward	[P:q.
J02:1700a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1700b	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1700c	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P:q]Tn]Ns:o199]
J02:1700d	-	JJ	negligible	negligible	[Jh:j.Jh:j]
J02:1700e	-	II	within	within	[P:r.
J02:1700f	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1700g	-	NN1n	accuracy	accuracy	.
J02:1700h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1700i	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1700j	-	JJ	present	present	.
J02:1700k	-	NN2	measurements	measurement	.Np]Po]Ns]P:r]Ti:G198]S]
J02:1700m	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1710a	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:1710b	-	NN1n	reflection	reflection	.
J02:1710c	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1710d	-	NN1n	radiation	radiation	[Ns:201.
J02:1710e	-	YG	-	-	[Tg[s201.s201]
J02:1710f	-	VVGv	originating	originate	[Vg.Vg]
J02:1710g	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:1710h	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1710i	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1710j	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P:q]
J02:1720a	-	CC	and	and	[Tn+.
J02:1720b	-	VVNv	reflected	reflect	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1720c	-	RL	back	back	[R:q.R:q]
J02:1720d	-	IIt	to	to	[P:q.
J02:1720e	-	PPH1	it	it	.P:q]
J02:1720f	-	IIb	by	by	[Pb:a.
J02:1720g	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1720h	-	JJ	surrounding	surrounding	.
J02:1720i	-	NN1n	metal	metal	.
J02:1720j	-	NN2	surfaces	surface	.Np]Pb:a]Tn+]Tg]Ns:201]Po]Ns:s]
J02:1720k	-	YG	-	-	[m203.m203]
J02:1720m	-	VMd	should	shall	[Vdcb.
J02:1720n	-	RR	also	also	[R:G203.R:G203]
J02:1730a	-	VB0	be	be	.Vdcb]
J02:1730b	-	JJ	small	small	[J:e.J:e]
J02:1730c	-	II21	because	because	[P:c[II=.
J02:1730d	-	II22	of	of	.II=]
J02:1730e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1730f	-	JJ	specular	specular	.
J02:1730g	-	NN1c	characteristic	characteristic	.
J02:1730h	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1730i	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1730j	-	NN1n	metal	metal	.
J02:1730k	-	NN2	surfaces	surface	.Np]Po]Ns]
J02:1740a	-	CC	and	and	[Po+.
J02:1740b	-	IO	of	of	.
J02:1740c	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1740d	-	JJ	specific	specific	.
J02:1740e	-	NN1u	geometry	geometry	.Ns]Po+]P:c]S]
J02:1740f	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1740g	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:1740h	-	JJ	total	total	.
J02:1740i	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1740j	-	NN1n	loss	loss	.
J02:1740k	-	II	through	through	[P.
J02:1740m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1740n	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1750a	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P]Ns:s]
J02:1750b	-	VVDt	included	include	[Vd.Vd]
J02:1750c	-	RR	also	also	[R:m.R:m]
J02:1750d	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:o205.
J02:1750e	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1750f	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S205.S205]
J02:1750g	-	VVNv	conducted	conduct	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1750h	-	II	through	through	[P:q.
J02:1750i	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1750j	-	NN1c	base	base	.
J02:1750k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1750m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1750n	-	JJ	cylindrical	cylindrical	.
J02:1760a	-	NN1c	piece	piece	.Ns]Po]Ns]P:q]
J02:1760b	-	II	into	into	[P:q.
J02:1760c	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1760d	-	JJ	adjacent	adjacent	.
J02:1760e	-	NN1n	metal	metal	.
J02:1760f	-	NN2	parts	part	.Np]P:q]Tn]Ns:o205]S]
J02:1760g	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1760h	-	PPH1	It	it	[S[Ni:S.Ni:S]
J02:1760i	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1760j	-	VVNv	calculated	calculate	.Vsp]
J02:1760k	-	II	from	from	[P:h.
J02:1760m	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1770a	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1770b	-	NN1c	gradient	gradient	.
J02:1770c	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.
J02:1770d	-	II	at	at	[P.
J02:1770e	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[Nus.
J02:1770f	-	NNU1c	inch	inch	.Nus]P]Ns]P:h]
J02:1770g	-	IIa	as	as	[P:e.
J02:1770h	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.P:e]S]
J02:1770i	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1770j	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:1770k	-	JJ	total	total	.
J02:1770m	-	NN1n	heat	heat	.
J02:1770n	-	NN1n	flux	flux	.
J02:1770p	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:1780a	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1780b	-	JJ	porous	porous	.
J02:1780c	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.Ns]P]
J02:1780d	-	II	into	into	[P.
J02:1780e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1780f	-	NN1c	plug	plug	.
J02:1780g	-	NN1c	holder	holder	.Ns]P]Ns:s]
J02:1780h	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:1780i	-	RR	thereby	thereby	[R:c.R:c]
J02:1780j	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[N:e.N:e]S]
J02:1780k	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:s.
J02:1780m	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	.
J02:1790a	-	NN1n	distribution	distribution	.
J02:1790b	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1790c	-	NN1c	figure	figure	[Nns.
J02:1790d	-	MCn	4	-	.Nns]Po]Ns:s]
J02:1790e	-	VVZv	gives	give	[Vz.Vz]
J02:1790f	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[N:o.N:o]
J02:1790g	-	IF	for	for	[P:r.
J02:1790h	-	DBa	all	all	[Np.
J02:1790i	-	VVGv	blowing	blow	[Tg[Vg.Vg]Tg]
J02:1790j	-	NN2	rates	rate	.Np]P:r]
J02:1790k	-	YC	+,	-	.
J02:1790m	-	VVGt	assuming	assume	[Tg:r[Vg.Vg]
J02:1790n	-	FOqx	<formul>	-	[S:o.S:o]Tg:r]S]
J02:1790p	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1800a	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1800b	-	NN1n	temperature	temperature	[J.
J02:1800c	-	JJ	dependent	dependent	.J]
J02:1800d	-	NN1n	value	value	.
J02:1800e	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1800f	S	FOx	<egr>	-	.Po]Ns:S]
J02:1800g	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1800h	-	VVNv	taken	take	.Vsp]
J02:1800i	-	II	from	from	[P:q.
J02:1800j	A	NN1c	Ref.	-	[Nns.
J02:1810a	-	MCn	7	-	.Nns]P:q]S]
J02:1810b	-	YF	+.	-	.
J02:1810c	-	AT	The	the	[S[Ns:S.
J02:1810d	-	NN1n	radiation	radiation	.
J02:1810e	-	NN1n	loss	loss	.
J02:1810f	-	II	from	from	[P.
J02:1810g	-	AT	the	the	[Ns.
J02:1810h	-	NN1c	anode	anode	.
J02:1810i	-	NN1c	surface	surface	.Ns]P]Ns:S]
J02:1810j	-	VBDZ	was	be	[Vsp.
J02:1810k	-	VVNv	computed	compute	.Vsp]
J02:1810m	-	II21	according	accord	[P:h[II=.
J02:1810n	-	II22	to	to	.II=]
J02:1820a	-	FOqx	<formul>	-	[S:206.
J02:1820b	-	RRQr	where	where	[Fr:p[Rq:p206.Rq:p206]
J02:1820c	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[N:s.N:s]
J02:1820d	-	VBZ	is	be	[Vzb.Vzb]
J02:1820e	-	AT	the	the	[Ns:e.
J02:1820f	-	NN1c	mean	mean	.
J02:1820g	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1820h	-	AT	the	the	[Np.
J02:1820i	-	MD	fourth	fourth	.
J02:1820j	-	NN2	powers	power	.
J02:1820k	-	IO	of	of	[Po.
J02:1820m	-	AT	the	the	[Np:207.
J02:1820n	-	NN2	temperatures	temperature	.
J02:1820p	-	FOx	<formul>	-	[FOx&.
J02:1830a	-	CC	and	and	[FOx+.
J02:1830b	-	FOx	<formul>	-	.FOx+]FOx&]
J02:1830c	-	YG	-	-	[Tn[S207.S207]
J02:1830d	-	VVNv	calculated	calculate	[Vn.Vn]
J02:1830e	-	RR	analogously	analogously	[R:h.
J02:1830f	-	IIt	to	to	[P.
J02:1830g	-	NN1n	equation	equation	[Nns.
J02:1830h	-	MCb	(1)	-	.Nns]P]R:h]Tn]Np:207]Po]Np]Po]Ns:e]Fr:p]S:206]P:h]S]
J02:1830i	-	YF	+.	-	.O]
